| 1793 |
|
I. P. Kulibin designed and built a "lifting chair"
(a prototype of the elevator) for Catherine II
|
| 1796 |
|
I. P. Kulibin corrected and installed over the winter
castle an astronomical combat clock
|
| 1820 |
|
trial paving of Palace Embankment with hex blockwoods,
traffic engineer V. P. Guriev. (Mass paving in St Petersburg was conducted
from 1825. In some parts of the city blockwoods were maintained until
the late 1940s)
|
| 1826 |
|
installation of a lifting machine (elevator) on the
stairs of the Fourth spare half of the Winter Palace
|
| 1832 |
|
installation of an electromagnetic telegraph communication
between the Winter Palace and the Traffic Ministry, electrical engineer
P. L. Schilling
|
| 1833 |
|
construction of a line of an optical telegraph of Jacques
Chateau's system: the Winter Palace - Strelna - Oranienbaum - Kronstadt.
(In Europe, the optical telegraph was run from 1794, in St Petersburg
in 1824-1854)
|
| 1835 |
|
construction of a line of an optical telegraph of Jacques
Chateau's system: the Winter Palace - Tsarskoe Selo - Gatchina
|
| 1835 |
|
installation in the Winter Palace of "clean water
supply with water toilets". (In St Petersburg, the first pumping
station was opened in 1827, water supply - in 1863)
|
| 1835-1838 |
|
construction of a line of an optical telegraph of Jacques
Chateau's system: the Winter Palace - Pskov - Daugavpils - Vilnius
- Grodno - Warsaw. Round the clock line was started on December 20, 1839. The longest line of the optical telegraph in the world, 1,200 miles.
|
| 1837-1839 |
|
the first in domestic practice widespread use of iron
as a structural material. Making new light floors over the halls of
the Winter Palace, architect V. P. Stasov, engineer M. E. Clark, Alexander
Ironworks
|
| 1837-1839 |
|
installation of central heating and ventilation by design
of Major-General N. A. Amosov, "Russian heating system"
|
| 1837-1839 |
|
installation of a new manual screw lifter (elevator)
on the stairs of the Fourth spare half
|
| 1837-1839 |
|
start of the first gas pipeline for street lighting
of the Palace Square
|
| 1841 |
|
construction of the first in Russia line (363 m) of
an electromagnetic telegraph between the Winter Palace and the General
Staff, physicist B. S. Jacoby
|
| 1842 |
|
construction of a line (2.7 km) of telegraph between
the Winter Palace and the General Directorate of Traffic, physicist
B. S. Jacoby
|
| 1843 |
|
installation of "safety wells of iron sliding panels
with jacks" to protect basements from flooding, colonel engineer
I. K. Kroll; the F. K. Baird Ironworks
|
| 1849-1850 |
|
creation of iron structures of roofs and floors of halls
"of the Imperial Museum", architects L. Klenze, V. P. Stasov
engineers I. A. Fullon, I. K. Kroll, Alexander Ironworks, the Nobel
Mechanical Plant, state workshops
|
| 1850-1858 |
|
reconstruction of the frame system of the Small Hermitage,
architect A. I. Stackenschneider; the F. Baird Ironworks
|
| 1851-1860 |
|
reconstruction of the frame system of the Old Hermitage,
architect A. I. Stackenschneider; the F. Baird Ironworks
|
| 1852 |
|
laying of an underground telegraph line Winter Palace
- Moscow; Russian factory of Siemens & Halske
|
| 1853 |
|
laying of an underground telegraph line Winter Palace
- Gatchina - Kronstadt, the Russian plant of Siemens and Halske. Part
of the line was laid at the bottom of the Gulf of Finland. It was
the first in the world underwater telegraph line
|
| 1854 |
|
laying of an air telegraph line Winter Palace - Warsaw,
the Russian plant of Siemens & Halske
|
| 1855 |
|
laying of a telegraph line from the Winter Palace -
Revel (to Helsingfors), the Russian plant of Siemens & Halske
|
| 1858 |
|
installation of telegraph communication of the Winter
Palace with other residences of the emperor
|
| 1862 |
|
installation of gas lighting in the Winter Palace
|
| 1870-å |
|
establishing a system of air heating with hot-water
calorifers in the Kutuzov hallway for bedroom of Alexander II in the
Winter Palace, St Petersburg Metalworks
|
| 1882 |
|
telephonization of the Winter Palace. (Russia's first
telephone station for 128 users was opened in St Petersburg on July 1, 1882)
|
| 1884 January - February |
|
experimental use of electric lighting in the Winter
Palace and the Small Hermitage during New-Year balls, technician V. L. Pashkov. (Temporary power station in the courtyard of the Winter
Palace on the basis of a portable engine, the power plant feeded 100 bulbs and 12 arc lamps.) Equipment delivery and pre-commissioning:
the Russian plant of Siemens & Halske
|
| 1885 |
|
manufacture and installation of a flagpole "of conical tubes
of boiler iron riveted together and carefully embossed (formerly
"the mast for banner" was wooden), St Petersburg
Metalworks
|
| 1885 |
|
replacement on the Grand Courtyard of the Winter Palace of cobblestone
pavement by asphalted one. (A trial asphalt coating of the
entrance to the Tuchkov bridge was made in 1839)
|
| 1886 January - February |
|
the use of electric lighting in the Winter Palace during
New-Year balls, technician V. L. Pashkov. (Temporary power station
in the courtyard of the Winter Palace on the basis of two portable
locomobiles, the power plant feeded 500 bulbs and 60 arc lamps.)
|
1886 February - March
|
|
electrification of the Winter Palace |
| 1886 May - December |
|
construction in the courtyard of the New Hermitage of
Europe's largest power plant, technician V. L. Pashkov; the F. K. San-Galli plant (6 boilers, 4 steam engines, 2 locomobiles, the total
capacity of 445 hp (327.5 kW), 4,888 light bulbs and 10 arc lamps).
In St Petersburg outdoor electric lighting based on locomobile was
tested in 1879 on the Liteyny bridge. On December 30, 1883 Nevsky
Prospect was illuminated
|
| 1886 May - December |
|
installation of a hydraulic elevator on the stairs of
the Fourth spare half, architect N. A. Gornostaev, technician V. L. Pashkov
|
| 1887 |
|
reconstruction of the frame system of the Winter Palace,
architect N. A. Gornostaev, engineer O. E. Krel, St Petersburg Metalworks
|
| 1893 |
|
installation of an electric elevator by OTIS in the
Winter Palace on the stairs of the Fourth spare half
|
| 1895 |
|
construction of a water-air heating and ventilation
system with "motive traction" for the premises of Emperor
Nicholas II. The system included a boiler room in a light yard of
the north-west risalit and hot-water calorifers in the basement, St Petersburg Metalworks
|
| 1895-1898 |
|
reconstruction of a frame system of the Hermitage Theater,
architect A. F. Krasovskii
|
| 1904 |
|
installation of a new ventilation and water heating
system of the foyer of the Hermitage Theater, St Petersburg Metal
works
|
| 1910 |
|
construction of a garage and a filling station for cars
of Emperor Nicholas II in the Black passage of the Winter Palace,
heating system - the F. K. San-Galli plant, rafters - St Petersburg
Metalworks
|
| 1911-1914 |
|
installation in buildings of Greater Hermitage and the
Small Hermitage of central water heating and construction of artificial
air conditioning units, engineer N. P. Melnikov, the Russian Society
of Mechanical Plants of Karting Brothers; in carrying out these works
for the first time in the world building practice a pneumatic hammer
was used, for the first time in the air conditioning chambers humidifiers
with water spray under pressure were used
|
