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Vajrasana - a sitting
pose: legs crossed, the heels turned outwards.
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Virasana - a sitting
pose: the legs bent at the knees, the right leg placed on the left.
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Pralambapadasana
- a sitting pose with legs extending downwards in the "European manner".
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Sukhasana - a less
rigorous pose used for prolonged meditation: the feet are not placed
on the thighs, but beneath them.
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Abhayamudra - a
gesture of soothing or protection: the right arm is
bent at the elbow, the hand raised to shoulder level, palm outwards
and fingers together.
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Anjalimudra - a
gesture of greeting or worship: the palms of the hands pressed together
in front of the chest.
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Bhumisparshamudra
- a gesture of "calling the Earth to witness", performed by the seated
Buddha: the left hand lies palm upwards in the lap, the right hand
on the shin with the palm inwards, the fingers touching the ground.
This gesture symbolizes Gautama's victory over Mara, the lord of evil
forces, when he called upon the Earth goddess to attest to all his
previous merits and virtues.
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Vitarkamudra - a
gesture of preaching: the thumb and forefinger joined in a circle,
the palm facing the viewer.
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Dhyanamudra - a
gesture of the hands that always accompanies a pose of meditation:
the hands are placed palm upwards in the lap one on top of the other
and the arms rest on the folded legs.
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Antaravasaka -
the lowest element of a monk's clothing: an unsewn length of cloth
that is wrapped around the hips and tied at the waist; the free end
is arranged in parallel vertical folds and tucked in behind the belt,
descending in a narrow strip between the legs.
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"Closed manner"
of wearing clothing - the outer garment covers both shoulders.
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"Open manner" of
wearing clothing - in this case the outer clothing covers only the
left shoulder, leaving the right bare. The free part of the cloth
is arranged as a narrow band of pleats on the chest. In Sukhothai
art this pleated edge reaches to the navel, in the art of the Far
North to the left nipple.
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Samghati - a cape
that is one of the three components of monastic dress, worn over the
other two.
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Uttarasanga - the
outer garment of a Buddhist monk, consisting of a long piece of cloth
sewn from several strips. It is wrapped around the body in such a
way as to cover both shoulders or only the left.
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Ketumala - the
finial of the ushnisha, the raised area on the top of the Buddha's
head, in the form of stylized tongues of flame.
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Urná - a
special mark in the form of a small hair-covered mole between the
brows or slightly higher on the Buddha's forehead: a sign of higher
spiritual power, one of the tokens of a "Great Man".
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Ushnisha - a protuberance
on the top of the Buddha's head, beneath the hair, symbolizing his
attainment of transcendental wisdom and a state of Enlightenment.
One of the main attributes in the iconography of the Buddha.
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