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The General Staff Building is one of the masterpieces of the great architect Carlo (Karl Ivanovich) Rossi; it was built in 1820-1830s. As a basis for the project Rossi used the idea to join together two separate buildings by the triumphal arch. The famous double arch with an allegorical sculpture of the Russian triumph in the war of 1812-1814 became the centre of the composition forming a symmetrical axis with the central part of the Winter Palace. The arch of the main facade facing Palace Square is 580 metres long. The second facade judging by its significance, facing the embankment of the Moika, belongs to the eastern building that now has been given to the State Hermitage. Originally, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and some other ministries of the Russian Empire were located in the Eastern Wing of the General Staff Building. Starting from 1917 various institutions and organizations occupied the building. The General Staff occupied the Western wing, at present it is used as the headquarters of Leningrad military region.

 

 



View of Palace Square and the General Staff Building
Vasily Sadovnikov


The General Staff Building
1820-1830
Architect Carlo Rossi

Stages of Construction and History of the General Staff Building

 

1819

 

The Highest will of Sovereign Emperor Alexander I for the construction of the building in 1820.

 

1820
 

'A building committee established by the Highest order of His Imperiality under the Cabinet to organize the Right square in front of the Winter palace' was appointed.

Erection of a part of the building of the Civil Ministries along Bolshaya Morskaya Street.

 

1822
 

Construction of a part of the building of the Civil Ministries along Bolshaya Morskaya Street with the turn to Palace Square.

 

1824
 

Construction of a part of the building along Palace Square with the turn to Pevchesky lane.

 

1827
 

The Highest order to build the church of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the name of St Alexander Nevsky.

 

1828
 

Completion of the construction of the department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the building at Palace Square.

 

1830
 

Completion of the construction of the Civil Ministries building.

 

1830-1917
 

The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and some other ministries of the Russian Empire were functioning in the Eastern Wing of the General Staff Building.

 

1917
 

By the end of 1917 the General Staff ensemble had been taken under the state protection as a monument of historical and cultural importance.

 

1921
 

Fire in the General Staff Building caused severe damages to the building.

 

1941-1945
 

The General Staff Building was under fire and was damaged.

 

1947-1950
 

Rebuilding and restoration works.

 

1988
 

By decision of the Executive Committee of Leningrad city Soviet of People's deputies No.197 the Left Wing of the General Staff Building, former building of the Ministries, was donated to the State Hermitage.

 

1999
 

Opening of exhibitions in the new museum building in the Eastern Wing of the General Staff Building.

 

2000-2003
 

Redecoration of the gala interiors of the first and second floors of the building along Palace Square and front facades along Palace Square and the Moika, Pevchesky passage.

 

2001
 

On the night of January 1, 2001, there was a fire on the sculptural group on top of the arch of the General Staff Building. The fire that led to the loss of the sculptures of goodness Glory that had recently been restored was one of the firecrackers shot during public festivities on Palace Square.

 

2002
 

Restoration of the Arch of the General Staff Building and the sculptural group The Chariot of Glory.

 

2002
 

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development gave a loan to the Russian Federation with the purpose of carrying out complex restoration of the Eastern Wing and adapting it for the museum complex.

 

2002
 

Studio 44 won an international competition for the selection of the general designer.

 

2007
 

Completion of the architectural project aimed at transforming the Eastern Wing of the General Staff Building into an art museum of XIX - XX centuries.

 

2008
 

The consortium of Intrasiya Ltd. and CJSC PA Vozrozhdeniye was recognized as the winner of the tender for the major repairs and restoration of the building.

 

2008
 

Beginning of works on major repairs and restoration of the Eastern Wing of the General Staff Building.

 

 


Portrait of Emperor Alexander I
Thomas Lawrence

 


View of Palace Square and the Winter Palace from the beginning of Nevsky Prospect
Benjamin Paterssen

 


View of the General Staff Building from the Moika
P. Ivanov

 


Fragment of the sculptural group on the arch of the General Staff Building
Vasily Demuth-Malinovsky

 


Part of the Panorama of Palace Square
Grigory Chernetsov

 


The Church named for St Alexander Nevsky
architect Carlo Rossi

     




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