The museum consists of the following departments:
- Directorate of the State Hermitage Museum
- Office of the Directorate
- Classical Antiquity Department
- Archaeology of Eastern Europe and Siberia Department
- Oriental Department
- Western European Fine Arts Department
- Western European Applied Arts Department
- History of Russian Culture Department
- Numismatics Department
- Arsenal
- Imperial Porcelain Factory Museum
- Modern Art Department
- Menshikov Palace
- General Staff
- History and Restoration of Architectural Monuments Department
- Architectural and Archaeology Sector
- Research Library
- Manuscripts and Documents Department
- Education Department
- School Centre
- Exhibition Design Department
- Publishing Department
- Electronic Editions Preparation Sector
- Registrar Department
- Department of the Organisation of Register and Storage of the “Staraya Derevnya” Centre
- Sector of New Acquisitions
- Department of Exhibition Documentation
- Treasure Gallery
- Department of Scientific Restoration and Conservation
- Scientific and Technical Examination of Monuments Department
- Examination and Authentication of Works of Art Department
- Laboratory for Biological Control
- Laboratory for Climate Control
- Personnel Department
- Chancery
- Legal Service
- Theatre and Education Department
- External Contacts Department
- Entrance Zone Service Department
- Development Department Service
- Department of Cooperation with Tourist Firms and Organisation of Special Programmes
- Marketing and Advertising Sector
- Sector of Project Finance
- Hermitage Friends Sector
- History and Information Service
- Information Projects Department
- Cross-Museum Communications Department
- Volunteers Sector
- Service in Exhibition Areas and Recreation Zones Department
- Sector of Sociological Research
- Rights and Reproduction Sector
- “Staraya Derevnya” Centre for Restoration, Conservation and Storage
- Planning and Budget Department
- Book-Keeping
- State Purchases Department
- Social Development Department
- Safety of Labour and Ecology Department
- Maintenance of the General Staff Building
- Maintenance of Menshikov Palace
- Chief Mechanic Department
- Chief Power Engineer Department
- Capital Construction Department
- Special Construction Department
- Restoration and Repairs Department
- Electronic Technique, Alarm Systems and Communication Department
- Maintenance Department of the “Staraya Derevnya” Centre
- Computers Sector
- Supplying of Technical Equipment for Buildings and Exhibitions Department
- Security Service (Museum Security Service)
- Operational Department of the Security Service (ODSS)
- Gallery Monitors Department
- Transport Department
- Civil Defence and Emergency Sector